Humors Place in the 20th Century Novel Essay -- Literature Literary E

Contribution of Bette Davis as an Actor and Her Role as a Female in her Time Period Essay Example for Free

Commitment of Bette Davis as an Actor and Her Role as a Female in her Time Period Essay Overwhelming she was †with a vocation spreading over six decades, including Broadway, film and the little screen; having made in excess of a hundred movies and getting ten Best Actress assignments and being the main lady to be respected with the American Film Institute’s Lifetime Achievement Award†and similarly bigger in death, was Bette Davis. Daring, yearning and brave, her solid mindedness made her a couple of companions and numerous foes in the course of her life, however keeps on attracting crowds to her allure and hopeful entertainers wherever admire her as a good example. In this report, I will concentrate on Bette Davis’s commitment as an entertainer and her job as a female symbol of her time. Commitment of Bette Davis as an Actor and Her Role as a Female in her Time Period One of the most skilled and the greatest stars of the thirties was Bette Davis. Her solid character off-screen regularly discovered its way into the characters she played. She made her wide scope of jobs sensible, from a sixty-year old sovereign in The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex to a youthful wonder in Jezebal. Olivia de Havilland called Bette Davis â€Å"a essentially altruistic fountain of liquid magma. † Jack Warner portrayed her as â€Å"an hazardous young lady with a sharp left. † Bette raised a ruckus her profession, yet thinking back, any difficulty she caused was ordinarily for the advancement of her movies instead of from her only playing the diva. Off-screen, her life was loaded up with as much dramatization as any job she played, having endured a messed up home, four bombed relationships, abstract vengeance delivered by her little girl and delicate wellbeing in her later years (Bubbeo, 2001, p. 43 †51). In this report, I will feature the significant commitments just as this screen diva’s accomplishments in a male-overwhelmed industry, and how her prosperity made ready for some other ladies, who imitated her guide to cut a specialty for themselves in the generally male-prevailing world. Bette Davis once kidded that her memorial should peruse, â€Å"Here lies Ruth Elizabeth Davis †She did it the hard way† (Ware, 1993, p. 180). An entertainer first and a star second †and not the slightest bit a traditional stunner she developed a rugged, earnest, diserse style of film acting that keeps on resonating through the ages. At her best, Bette Davis put entangled, clashed ladies on the screen when most screen characters were as yet sensational disentanglements. A little (five foot three) blue-looked at blonde, she was determined by the cant of her period that considered screen acting substandard compared to following up on the stage. An entertainer first and a star second †and not the slightest bit a regular marvel she created a spiked, genuine, versatile style of film acting that keeps on resounding through the ages. Conceived Ruth Elizabeth Davis in Lowell, Massachusetts, she was the senior of two little girls of Harlow Morrell Davis, a patent legal advisor from a Yankee group of long standing, and Ruth Favor, a homemaker of French Huguenot plunge. The couple, inconsistent nearly from the beginning, separated from when Bette was ten. Therefore, she and her more youthful sister, Barbara, were taught in an interwoven of open and tuition based schools in New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts-any place Ruth Davis could look for some kind of employment as an expert picture taker. Famous and dynamic as youngster, Betty changed the spelling of her name in impersonation of Balzac’s La Cousine Bette lastly moved on from Cushing Academy, an all inclusive school in Ashburnham, Massachusetts, in 1926. Broadway By 1927, a nineteen-year-old Bette Davis was going to the John Murray Anderson-Robert Milton School of Theater and Dance in New York. Bette was irritably fretful and anxious to acquire a living. She left school before her first year was finished, surging quick into proficient commitment on and off Broadway on visit, and with various stock organizations, among them George Cukor’s repertory theater in Rochester, New York. Bette Davis in Hollywood After opening on Broadway in Solid South (1930), she got her first proposal from a Hollywood film studio. With a couple of special cases †most quite Cabin in the Cotton (1932) †Davis’s first years in Hollywood delivered nothing uncommon. At that point, in 1934, after a long battle, she persuaded Warners to advance her to RKO, an American film creation and dissemination organization, to play the sociopathic cockney Mildred Rogers in their adaption Of Human Bondage, and got her first star-production takes note. The following year she won an Oscar for Best Actress for Dangerous (1935), in which she played a heavy drinker entertainer designed on the Broadway legend Jeanne Eagels. Commitment to the Media Industry In 1936, Warners needed to sue to keep her from abusing her agreement and making a film in England for the Italian maker Ludovico Toeplitz. At the point when she came back to Warners, nonetheless, she was dealt with liberally, featuring next in Jezebel (1938), a finely fashioned investigation of the indignation and inner conflict of a southern beauty. The exhibition brought her a subsequent Oscar, as best on-screen character of 1938. The following year she assumed the job that she now and then alluded to as her top pick, Judith Traherne, the mortally sick courageous woman of Dark Victory (1939). After Dark Victory, Bette Davis featured in a whole string of sixteen film industry victories, playing everything from proper authors to deadly housewives to self-derisive old maids to a sexagenarian Queen Elizabeth I. her most significant movies from this amazingly gainful period incorporated The Old Maid (1939), The Little Foxes (1941), Now, Voyager (1942), Watch on the Rhine (1943), and The Corn is Green (1945). In 1932, she wedded her secondary school darling, Harmon Nelson, an independent performer. In any case, the marriage was as rough as her parent’s and in 1938 finished in a separation. She wedded again in 1940, to New England hotelier Arthur Farnsworth; he kicked the bucket in 1943 from a skull crack. The war years were Bette Davis’s prime, and not just on screen. In 1941 she turned into the primary lady leader of the Academy of Motion image of Arts and Sciences, stopping when she understood she was minimal in excess of a nonentity. In 1942, with John Garfield, she helped to establish the Hollywood Canteen. Completely dedicated to her job as the associations president, she moved, ate, and joked practically daily with the servicemen going through Los Angeles. After the war, her vocation started to sink, with awful movies, for example, Beyond the Forest (1949). Discharged from her Warners contract, she outsourced. At 42, she trusted her profession was finished, until her exhibition in All about Eve (1950), where she played an unstable showy diva who was alarmed of maturing. For her presentation as Margo Channing, New York Film Critics named her the year’s best entertainer. In 1962, not, at this point a film industry name, she played a job in an odd, low-financial plan spine chiller, What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? , powerfully playing a desperately hysterical moderately aged previous youngster star. The film was a megahit, tenderizing Davis her tenth, and, last, Oscar assignment. In the new time of made for TV films and miniseries, beneficial jobs went to her, remembering a section as a lamentable hermit for Strangers (1979), which won her a best entertainer Emmy. In 1977, the American Film Institute offered on her its Life Achievement Award; she was the primary lady to get it. Practically more unmistakable than she had been in her peak, she presently wound up hailed by another age of film pundits who were seeing her exemplary movies just because, and new stars applauded her energetically as an impact and a good example. In 1983, she endured bosom malignant growth and a stroke. In spite of perpetual harm to her discourse and walk, she kept creation films. In 1985, Davis was broken when her little girl B. D. Hyman, distributed a scornful family journal, My Mother’s Keeper. She weakly attempted to react in her own book, This ‘n That (1987). At that point looking dismayingly delicate, she played a crude octogenarian in The Whales of August (1987), a touchy investigation of mature age. She kicked the bucket of malignant growth in Paris in 1989, having gone to Europe to acknowledge an honor at a Spanish film celebration. Eighty-one at the hour of her demise, she abandoned on film a splendid heavenly body of differentiating and lively figures, the inheritance of sixty years of difficult work and devotion to what she jumped at the chance to call all out authenticity on the screen. Bette Davis-the Independent Female Bette Davis, frank, direct, and completely focused on her vocation, was a quick representative who anticipated great contents and requested the best underway help and working conditions. She was one of only a handful barely any entertainers ready to take on unsympathetic jobs, for example, Mildred in Of Human Bondage (1934) and Julie Marsden in Jezebel (1938) (Ware, 1993, p. 180). Being a contender, Bette was no more odd to awful occasions, and she realized how to prop up in any event, when everything appeared to be against her. In 1962, when work turned out to be rare, Bette took out a commercial in Variety and other exchange papers: MOTHER OF THREE †10, 11 15 †DIVORCEE. AMERICAN. THIRTY YEARS EXPERIENCE AS AN ACTRESS IN MOTION PICTURES. Versatile STILL AND MORE AFFABLE THAN RUMOR WOULD HAVE IT. Needs STEADY EMPLOYMENT IN HOLLYWOOD (HAS HAD BROADWAY. ) Bette Davis, c/o Martin Baum, G. A. C. REFERENCES UPON REQUEST This was Davis at her best, and exhibited her simple way to deal with her vocation and life by and large. She realized that no one but she could improve her circumstance; nobody else would do it for her (Moseley, 1989, p. 148). She was an over-achiever and the promotion is the sort of person she was : intense, intrepid and centered †some would say fixated regarding her vocation. She wouldn’t take no for an answer and got her direction as a general rule in the ruthle

What the Mindset of an Alcoholic Does to Family Members

What the Mindset of an Alcoholic Does to Family Members Addiction Alcohol Use Print The Effect of an Alcoholics Mindset on Family Members By Donna Thompson Updated on September 19, 2019 Adam Kuylenstierna / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery If you are a friend or family member of an  out-of-control drinker, you might be searching for ways to better understand the alcoholics mindset. It can be challenging not to internalize the drinkers hurtful behaviors, but the reality is that alcoholics have  no idea  how  their drunken actions  affect their loved ones. Use this overview to get a concise portrait of an alcoholic and to improve your responses during your interactions with a drinker. This may mean setting ground rules and joining a support group such as  Al-Anon,  designed specifically to meet the needs of  families  of alcoholics. Support Groups for Family Members of Alcoholics Women and men married to alcoholics openly weep during support groups about the pain of loving someone who is slowly committing suicide by drinking. These men and women feel helpless as alcoholics not only hurt themselves but destroy their marriages and families in the process. As the alcoholic self destructs, spouses gradually lose the  ability to feel compassion towards the drinker. Many feel their efforts to help the alcoholic have been carried out in vain. How the Alcoholic Brain Works While its understandable that loved ones of alcoholics increasingly feel less empathy for them, its also important to understand how the alcoholic brain works. Alcoholics Are Essentially Brain Damaged Alcoholics have no conception of the depth and breadth of the pain their drunken behavior inflicts upon those who love them. How can they? Their cognitive abilities are impaired; in essence, when drunk, they are brain-damaged. How Alcohol Physically Damages Your Brain In fact, their thinking ability,  emotional stability, and mental capacity are all adversely affected to such a degree that most bonafide treatment facilities will not even entertain the idea of hiring a recovering alcoholic without at least two, preferably three years of being continuously and completely sober. And thats no guarantee theyve found sobriety. Anger, Rage, and Fear in Alcoholics Sure,  high-functioning drunks  who are quiet, peaceful, and drift off into semi-consciousness do exist. Sharing space with them is like being with the living dead, but at least theyre quiet.  More often than not,  however, drunks find some way to be abusive  or  even to  terrorize their families. After a while, this leads the sober spouse to feel anger, rage, and fear rather than compassion for the drinker. Can Al-Anon Save Your Marriage? Alcoholics Often View Their Spouse as the Enemy To the alcoholic, their sober  spouse is the enemy. Those who are not drunks by nature are a threat to the alcoholics lifestyle. By attending Al-Anon, the enemy has made it difficult for the alcoholics denial to continue.  Somehow, even after alcoholics stop drinking, that enemy mindset continues. Al-Anon meetings  have humorous moments as well,  but its wry  and often dark. Family members mostly laugh at themselves for how addled their thinking becomes as they try to maintain a sense of normalcy. Resources for Families of Alcoholics

Apology The Apology Of Apology - 1399 Words

The Apology The Apology is meant to defend Socrates as he stands accused by Athens. Considering how Socrates presents his defense, it is evident that he only uses the title of apology as justification but not as a regret statement or expression of sorrow. The apology was made after Socrates was accused with ungodliness as well as corrupting the youth in Athens by alienating powerful people in the practice of Socratic dialogue. The Socratic dialogue is a process attempting to clarify concepts such as justice and friendship by using definition from a person who argues that he understands the concepts and systematically showing how such a definition as well as definitions by other philosophers leads to contradiction. Socrates explains in his defense that the accusations against him are false. For instance, when explaining that it is not true that he does not believe in the gods as he does so by believing in daimonia, which are children of gods, he is convinced that he cannot get the Athenian jury to acquit him of the accusations. It is evident that he does not commit injustice as Meletus argues. However, he cannot convince Athens to acquit him of the charges because he has incurred much hatred. So many people including those challenged by the youth who follow Socrates hate him (West, West, Plato, and Aristophanes 78). Instead of the challenged men hating themselves and their arguments, they hate Socrates for making false claims that he corrupts the young. Through his claimsShow MoreRelatedApology On The Book Apology1308 Words   |  6 PagesThe book Apology begins with Socrates making a short speech in which he defends his innocence. He was on trial because of the two â€Å"Later† charges against him. Corrupting the youth and disbelief in Athenian gods were among the charges. Before he began his speech, he made it clear to the judges that he is not familiar with the court system and also that it’s his first time in court so that he will be speaking in his â€Å"usual manner†. His accusers warned the judges that he has a great persuasive powerRead MoreApology On Apology Of Socrates852 Words   |  4 PagesMarch 2, 2017 Apology of Socrates Socrates was a Greek philosopher and the founder of western philosophy. Plato was the student of Socrates who was very motivated by the life and teaching of Socrates. Plato was also one of the greatest Philosopher of ancient Greece. Apology is the actual recorded speech of Socrates by Plato, which was delivered at the trail to defend himself. Many people did not agree with Socrates, so they made several charges against him, which is recorded in the Apology. Some ofRead MoreThe Apology Of Plato Apology983 Words   |  4 PagesAt the beginning of The Apology, Socrates is directly speaking to the jury in Athens. In the beginning of the apology Socrates speaks of accusations that have been made against him throughout his life. There seems to be two different kinds of accusations. The first being biases accusations that have been made on throughout his past and the other being recent accusations. Socrates explains he was accused of being, â€Å" a wise man, a student of all things in t he sky and below the earth, who makes theRead MoreLetter Of Apology And Apology Essay2233 Words   |  9 Pagesa letter of explanation from him and an apology from a juvenile that I had pursued in a foot chase earlier that year. The County Attorney explains that he cannot discuss the prosecution of a juvenile but that the juvenile in question has taken responsibility for his actions and as such has included a letter of apology composed by the juvenile. The following page dated April 15, 2011 reveals that this juvenile, Efrain, has indeed enclosed a letter of apology for running from the police and states hisRead More The Apology1451 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I will be discussing the four charges brought against Socrates in Plato’s essay The Apology# and why exactly each of these charges is completely fictitious. The four charges brought against Socrates were that he argued the physical over the metaphysical, he argued the weaker claim over the stronger claim, he we nt against the gods, and he was corrupting the youth (Singer, lecture, 9-15-11). Each of these four charges is false for varying reasons and I will be addressing each explanationRead MoreThe Apology813 Words   |  4 PagesThe Apology The apology to me does not really feel like an apology. While Socrates addresses the audience of his accusers, he does not sound apologetic. To me, he actually sounds as though he has a higher than thou view of himself based on the oration of an oracle. While this oracle says that, he is the wisest man in all of Athens he goes around trying to disprove it, in the process inflating his ego. At this point, he starts to remind me of Sheldon from The Big Bang Theory. – I know I am smarterRead MorePlato s Apology And The Apology1591 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper I will discuss how Plato s Apology and Phaedo have difference ideas of what it means to be a philosopher. I will explain how in the Apology, the philosopher is wise in how he/she understand that they are wise because they know that they don t know, and in Phadeo the philosopher knowledgable and are concern in gaining more knowledge. In Plato s Apology we learn about Socrates life and who he really is. In platos Apology a philosopher is a wise person because he understands thatRead MoreThe Apology Of Plato s Apology982 Words   |  4 Pages In the â€Å"Apology,† Socrates seems disobedient, disrespectful and even boastful as he speaks to the magistracy. In â€Å"Crito,† however, Socrates is found sleeping soundly as he patiently awaits his punishment – death. It seems that Plato’s works paint two entirely contradicting portraits of his mentor. Yet, it was not a contradiction for Socrates to refuse Crito’s help to leave Athens and avoid punishment, because the alternative penalties or escape would compromise Socrates lifestyle, and since he failedRead MoreApology, By Plato s Apology1298 Words   |  6 Pagesknowing you know nothing.† In â€Å"Apology,† written by Plato, this ethical belief makes a bold appearance demonstrating that true ignorance only revolves a round those who think that they know everything. In â€Å"Apology,† Socrates learns that the wisest men are those who do not think of themselves of wise, and rather make an approach of going beyond an authentic method of inquiry and helping others seek their personal philosophies which may result in conflict. In Plato’s â€Å"Apology,† Socrates demonstrates thatRead MoreLetter Apology Letter Of Apology1504 Words   |  7 PagesDear: Dr. Patterson, I hope this letter finds you well and that you are prospering and in good health. First, let me express my appreciation for your letter of apology concerning the twitter post by the preaching professors at Southwestern Seminary. I saw the post and was more disheartened more than I was upset or angry. I chose to wait awhile, gather my thoughts, and let things die down a little before I responded. I know that the post has gone viral and we have received harsh criticism which

Sexism, Prejudice, and Racism in Lees To Kill A Mockingbird

Throughout the book To Kill A Mockingbird Lee discusses the effects of ignorance and the toll it takes on people such as Tom Robinson, Boo Radley, Scout herself, and many more. Through her examples of sexism, prejudice, and racism, from the populist of poverty stricken Southerners, she shows the readers the injustice of many. The victims of ignorance are the ‘mockingbirds’ of the story. A good example of this injustice is the trial of Tom Robinson, who is falsely accused of raping a white girl and is found guilty. The book is from the point of view Scout, a child, who has an advantage over most kids due to her having a lawyer as a dad, to see the other side of the story. Her father tells her in the story, â€Å"you never really know a man until†¦show more content†¦The missionary ladies, like Aunt Alexandra, in general abide by the same rules of politeness. They believed on the surface fragrant women were to â€Å"rock slowly, fan gently, and drink cool waterà ¢â‚¬  (Johnson). To them women were to act as a clique, and if someone did not act a certain way they would be looked down upon for being different and cast as an exile. They also pride themselves on family values whereas at the heart of things have no family values at all, and they use it as a way to segregate people into groups (Johnson). Alexandra maintains the stereotypical concept of what is the white southern feministic racist. All of the attributes sort of melt together and perpetuate one another. She retains her feministic way by getting Calpurnia, the black helper, to do all of her physical labor for her. An example of this behavior is present in the scene in which Alexandra arrives at the Finches’ house and commands Calpurnia to take her suitcase and her belongings upstairs so she can retain the feministic southern air about her. The prejudice attitude she has is also being passed down through the family. In one scene Scout beats up her annoying cousin for calling Atticus a â€Å"nigger-lover†. The only thing Alexandra does is getting on to scout for fighting and telling her it is unladylike to fight (Richards). Another example of sexism in the storyShow MoreRelatedRacism, Sexism and Socioeconomic Prejudice in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird828 Words   |  4 Pagesother negative things† (2006 Anti-Defamation League). Also, prejudice in â€Å"children may be reinforced by listening to derogatory ethnic jokes, especially when others laugh along or think theyre cool†. Lastly, children may simply imitate the prejudices of their older family members and popular friends. Prejudice is to pre- judge. â€Å"Prejudice is a baseless and usually negative attitude toward members of a group. Common features of prejudice include negative feelings, stereotyped beliefs and a tendencyRead MoreSummary Of Kill A Mockingbird 1645 Words   |  7 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird is told from the view of Jean Louise (Scout) Finch. It is through her we are introduced to the social injustice, racial prejudice and problems rife in Maycomb’s society. Through Lee’s use of characters, object s and events we see how these issues are permeated into society, and I will be delving into these and explaining how they present the town of Maycomb. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of WalterRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreThe Scottsboro Trials And Racial Prejudice1707 Words   |  7 PagesHarper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird includes The Scottsboro Trials. Both stories uprise in the 1930s, displaying a white supremacist mindset, which two cases fall into the conviction of rape. The Scottsboro case started on a train to northern Alabama to southern Tennessee, when nine African American boys, ranging in ages from 13-19, allegedly raped two â€Å"innocent† Caucasian women, Victoria Price and Ruby Bates. Racial discrimination uprises in American judicial system when shown in To Kill a MockingbirdRead MoreExamples of Prejudice in To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee836 Words   |  3 Pages To Kill A Mockingbird Harper Lee’s book, To Kill A Mockingbird takes place in the difficult times of the Great Depression in the early 1930’s. The novel surrounds the life of a young girl named Scout Finch, along with her brother Jem, and their friend, Dill. Who are forced at a young age to watch the people of their small town of Maycomb not only receive, but also give prejudice to numerous, harmless people. Whether it be Boo Radley, a shut in who falls victim to the town’s gossip, even thoughRead MoreEssay about Maycomb Society in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee791 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss Harper Lee’s Presentation of Maycomb Society in to Kill a Mockingbird Maycomb is described as a â€Å"tired old town† where the inhabitants had â€Å"nowhere to go†. Maycomb is very similar to any small southern town in the 1930’s, sexism, racism and other prejudices are at a peak, and old traditions are carried out regularly. To Kill a Mockingbird revolves solely around family, community and society, the focus point of the book, the rape trial, would not have occurred if society had notRead MorePrejudice By John Steinbeck And The Great Depression2000 Words   |  8 PagesIn both Lee and Steinbeck’s novels, prejudice is a key theme portrayed in a variety of different forms and is used as a way to degrade and discriminate the innocent characters. Lee’s title quotation ‘mockingbird’ represents those who are victims of prejudice, which is a large amount of characters as the novel is set in 1930 America, where the only properly respected people were white, mentally stable males. This is also shown by Steinbeck who uses the hopelessness of the Great Depression to put acrossRead MoreDiscrimination Is A Dominant Theme Within The Film Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1342 Words   |  6 Pagesclass, and gender; throughout American history, the discrimination of these groups was commonplace and a widely accepted behaviour. The reality of these are told through Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird which depicts th e childhood of a girl in 1930’s America who experiences first hand discrimination and observes prejudice towards others in her community. Within the town, residents generate morbid stories about a local simply because he is reclusive. The narrator, six-year-old Scout Finch becomesRead MoreAnalysis Of Of Mice And Men 1959 Words   |  8 Pagesthe novels, prejudice, in all its forms, is a key theme throughout; especially in the relation to the destruction of the innocent. In Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird, the innocent characters (or ‘mockingbirds’) are generally characters who are misunderstood by the harsh society in 1930s America. This ranges from a lack of understanding or knowledge about mental illness in the case of Boo Radley, to pure racism in the case of Tom Robinson. In Of Mice And Men, there is a bigger focus on sexism, but againRead MoreTo Kill a Mocking Bird Reflection2428 Words   |  10 PagesStatement on area of study Prejudice Prejudice; what a strong and powerful word that is. When prejudice first comes to mind I first think of, judgment, bias, stereotyping, unfairness and intolerance. Its much more than that its an evil discriminator act of power. A preconceived opinion of someone de to physical characteristics that cant be helped or changed. There are many different forms of prejudice but the four main ones to me are as follows. Sexism (the unfair prejudice against someone because

Sm Swot Analysis Free Essays

string(211) " MANUAL TELEPHONY TO AUTOMATIC NMT: Manual mobile telephony services were introduced in Norway in 1966, as a forerunner to the automatic Nordic Automatic Mobile Telephone \(NMT\) system, which appeared in 1981\." EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TELENOR it is a multinational corporation of Norway. Norwegian telecommunication was Established in 1884. with the passage of time it introduces three more telecommunication corporations. We will write a custom essay sample on Sm Swot Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1995 it changed its name to telenor. It has its telecommunication network in about 12 countries. Has a very leading and strong position in its markets, which are multidimensional and international. Its strengths are its methods of innovation, its good will social responsibilities, and its wide market. Weaknesses are weak services in Asian countries, lack of diversification. It availed the opportunity of easy load and credit sharing, introduces mobile tv for the first time, gives the service of location recognition. Threats are its local and international rivals. Its main threat in Asia countries lies in difference in culture. Swot Analysis The study of internal and external environment is an important part of the strategic planning process. Environment has two factors i. e. external and internal. environmental factors internal to the firm are Strengths [S] or weaknesses [W]. External factors are classified as Opportunities [O] Threats [T]. So the analysis of these four factors is abbreviated, called SWOT ANALYSIS. â€Å"What is good in the present is Satisfactory, good in the future is an Opportunity; bad in the present is a Fault and bad in the future is a Threat. This was called the SOFT analysis†. ? The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision-making for all sorts of situations in business and organizations. ? S WOT Analysis is a simple but powerful framework for analyzing one’s company’s Strengths and Weaknesses, and the Opportunities and Threats one face. SWOT Analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and let marketers to focus on key issues . ? INTERNAL ANALYSIS In this we study the capabilities of organization. This can be done by examining and analyzing organization’s strengths and weaknesses. ? EXTERNAL ANALYSIS It is actually the study of external environment of organization. In it we identify those keys which bring opportunities for your organization and those points which create threats or obstacles to our performance. SWOT ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK: Environmental Analysis | | | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  / | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   | | | |Internal Analysis  Ã‚  Ã‚   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  External Analysis | | | |/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  / | | | |Strengths  Ã‚  Ã‚  Weaknesses  Ã‚  Ã‚   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Opportunities  Ã‚  Ã‚  Threats | | | || | | | |SWOT Matrix | | | Here a question arises that â€Å"What are strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats? STRENGTHS: A firm’s strengths are its resources and capabilities that can be used as a basis for developing a competitive advantage. Examples of such strengths include: †¢ A new innovative product or service. †¢ Strong brand names. †¢ Good reputation among customers. †¢ Cost advantages from proprietary know-how. Exclusive access to high grade natural resources. †¢ Favorable access to distribution networks. †¢ Location of your business. †¢ Quality processes and procedures. †¢ Patents. †¢ Special market expertise. †¢ Any other aspect of business that adds value to product or services. Weaknesses: The absence of certain strengths may be viewed as a weakness. For example, each of the f ollowing may be considered weaknesses: †¢ Poor quality products or services. †¢ A weak brand name. †¢ Poor reputation among customers. †¢ High cost structure. †¢ Lack of access to the best natural resources. †¢ Lack of access to key distribution channels. †¢ Location of your business. Undifferentiated products or services. †¢ Lack of patent protection. †¢ Lack of marketing expertise. In some cases, a weakness may be the flip side of strength. Take the case in which a firm has a large amount of manufacturing capacity. While this capacity may be considered a strength that competitors do not share, it also may be a considered a weakness if the large investment in manufacturing capacity prevents the firm from reacting quickly to changes in the strategic environment. Opportunities: The external environmental analysis may reveal certain new opportunities for profit and growth. Some examples of such opportunities include: †¢ A developing ma rket. Moving into new markets for improved profits. †¢ A market vacated by ineffective competitor. †¢ An unfulfilled customer need. †¢ Arrival of new technologies. †¢ Loosening of regulations. †¢ Removal of international trade barriers. Threats: Changes in the external environmental also may present threats to the firm. Some examples of such threats include: †¢ Consumer tastes changes or shifts away from the firm’s products. †¢ Substitute products. †¢ New regulations. †¢ increased trade barriers. †¢ A new competitor in your home market. †¢ Price wars with competitors. †¢ Competitor’s superior access to channels of distribution. †¢ Innovative products or services by competitor. THE SWOT MATRIX: To develop strategies that take into account the SWOT profile, a matrix of these factors can be constructed. The SWOT matrix (also known as a TOWS Matrix) is shown below: SWOT / TOWS MATRIX: |   |Strengths |Weaknesses | | |S-O strategies |W-O strategies | |Opportunities | | | | |S-T strategies |W-T strategies | |Threats | | | †¢ S-O strategies pursue opportunities that are a good fit to the company’s strengths. †¢ W-O strategies overcome weaknesses to pursue opportunities. S-T strategies identify ways that the firm can use its strengths to reduce its vulnerability to external threats. †¢ W-T strategies establish a defensive plan to prevent the firm’s weaknesses from making it highly susceptible to external threats. REASON FOR CHOOSING TELENOR ? Telenor is a Multinational corporation having a great scope and a wide range to be discussed. ? Its growth rate in the telecommunication world is very impressive. ? We can study both of its markets i. e. National and International. ? Being a student of MBA we should select a company for discussion which completely satisfies the topics required by the project. So is there in it. History of Telenor THE INTRODUCTION OF THE TELEPHONE: The years of 1855 to 1920 was a pioneering period in the history of Norwegian telecommunications. During two generations, the Norwegian society experienced the introduction of three new means of communications: the telegraph in the years of 1850, the telephone around 1880 and wireless telegraphy – radiotelegraphy – at the turn of the century. NORWEGIAN TELECOM TO TELENOR: In 1994, Norwegian Telecom was established as a public corporation. One year later, it changed its name to Telenor. In December 2000, Telenor was partly privatized and listed on the stock exchange. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: Telenor has undergone momentous change as a group – from being a strong, national operator with significant international holdings to becoming an international, world-class provider of mobile communications services. MANUAL TELEPHONY TO AUTOMATIC NMT: Manual mobile telephony services were introduced in Norway in 1966, as a forerunner to the automatic Nordic Automatic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system, which appeared in 1981. You read "Sm Swot Analysis" in category "Papers" Its digital successor, Global System for Mobile (GSM), was introduced in 1993, and third generation mobile network, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), was launched for commercial use in 2004. Introduction to telenor Products: Telenor is Telecommunication Company of Norway. It provides its services in field of communication in form of following three products: 1. Mobile Operations(Connections) 2. Fixed Line 3. Broadcast Rivals: Telenor is a multinational company. It is well spread all over the world. Rivals of telenor in different countries are: Pakistan: Bangladesh:Malaysia: Thailand: MobilinkAktelMaxis AIS UfoneBanglalinkCelcomTrue move WaridCitycellThai Mobile PaktelTeletalk Instaphone zong Norway:Denmark:Sweden: NetComTDC MobilTeliaSonera ChessTeliaSoneraTele2 Tele2Tele2â€Å"3† VenteloHi3G Hungary:Montenegro:Serbia:Ulkrain:Russia: T-MobileT-MobileMTSUMCMTS VodafoneLifeMegafon Beeline Markets Operators: Telenor has merged into three business areas. Telenor’s mobile operations are covering 12 countries and 3 regions. Its company name is different in different countries. The markets of Telenor in different countries in percentage with other rivals are as follows: Telenor is the leading provider of fixed-line telecommunications services in Norway, with a strong position in the growing broadband market throughout Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Telenor is the leading provider of television and broadcasting services to consumers and enterprises in the Nordic region, measured by subscribers and revenues. Vision: Vision of telenor is to be the leading telecommunication company of world. Goal: Telenor’s primary goal is to create greater value for our shareholders, customers, employees and partners, and for society in general. Telenor strive to be a driving force in creating, simplifying and introducing communication and content solutions to the marketplace. Mission Statement: â€Å"Helping people to Communicate† Telenor Management Philosophy Telenor considers good corporate governance to be an essential tool for achieving their vision, value creation and strategic goals, complying with their values and for maintaining good corporate culture. Furthermore, good corporate governance is imperative for credibility and for access to capital. Telenor corporate governance includes openness and transparency towards the company’s owners, the Corporate Assembly, the Board and Group Management, as well as other interested parties such as the Group’s employees, customers, suppliers, creditors, public authorities and society in general. Responsible Corporate Culture to Secure Value Creation: Rules and procedures provide Telenor with a sound platform for good corporate governance and for the further development of a positive, responsible and healthy corporate culture. The Group Management is responsible for ensuring the existence of internal rules, procedures and structures that can efficiently secure value creation for all stakeholders and where authority and responsibilities are clearly set out and mutually understood. Rules and Regulations: Telenor is subject to Norwegian rules and regulations in countries in which the Group conducts business. Telenor’s shares are listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. As an issuer of shares, the company must comply with the Norwegian rules and regulations. Being a multinational company it also follows the law of country, it is in. Corporate Assembly Members: Pursuant to Norwegian law, Telenor has a Corporate Assembly and a Board of Directors. Organization Map of Telenor: [pic] Strategic Plan Telenor’s main strategy is to focus on subscriber growth in mobile operations and to increase overall profitability by combining Group industrialization with local drive and responsiveness. Further, to develop leading position in the Nordic region with a broad range of communication services. This strategy implies the following focus areas: To strengthen position as an international mobile operator: Telenor intend to continue to strengthen mobile industrialization mobile operations by obtaining control over selected mobile companies. Control is essential to benefit from cross-borders synergies, such as scale in procurement, to develop new services and implement best practices, to improve operational efficiency and to increase overall profitability. They intend to manage their non-strategic investments as financial investments and try to exit from international mobile operations where they cannot obtain control over time. To strengthen position in the Nordic region: Telenor intend to continue to streamline their mobile and fixed line operations in the Nordic region by exploiting the benefits resulting from economies of scale and cross-border synergies. To be the leading provider of communications services in Norway: Being the leader in a broad range of services in both the residential and business markets in Norway, Telenor seek to improve profit performance in the mobile and fixed areas by introducing new services and through a wide range of cost-cutting initiatives. To continue to be the leading distributor of TV services to consumers in the Nordic region: Telenor will continue to develop new opportunities to strengthen their strategic position as a leading distributor of subscription-based television in the Nordic region. They focus on attracting new subscribers and increasing revenue per user by providing attractive content and new interactive services . SWOT ANALYSIS OF TELENOR STRENGTHS OF TELENOR: Telenor is a multinational company. It has its branches in 12 different countries and mostly holds the market of many countries. Telenor’s strength lies in its management tacts and the fact that it is spreading it market all over the world. Some of the strengths of telenor are: METHOD OF INNOVATION: Most of the innovation in telecommunications today doesn’t happen in laboratories. It happens and evolves in a highly dynamic interplay between user demands and technological advances. Telenor does innovations in the manner explained above and succeed most of time in as it is the best way one can move forward according to its environment. GOODWILL THROUGH SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: Telenor currently has a good understanding of how its activities, products and services can impact on the environment. Telenor are committed to preventing or minimizing those impacts. The following act of telenor create goodwill among the government and people in sense that they know their responsibility towards the environment and are try to make the environment free of pollution. MARKET: Telenor is providing services in 12 countries across the world in Europe and Asia. Telenor users in the world are more than 147 million people. Telenor is increasing the local competitiveness of mobile operations by taking advantage of global joint competence and scale. RECYCLING OF MOBILE PHONES: Mobile phone recycling is a key area. Telenor recycles tens of thousands of mobile phones through its recycling programmes in Hungary, Serbia and Norway. Telenor are currently working on a permanent recycling programme that will encompass all of markets. POWERING BASE STATIONS BY RENEWABLE ENERGY: Telenor is currently testing hydrogen, wind and solar energy as power sources for base stations. A promising result is that these renewable energy sources produce more energy than is required to power the base stations. This excess electricity can be used to benefit local communities in the future. To achieve this, Telenor will depend on strong partnerships with energy providers. Telenor’s renewable energy effort is an investment that will ensure network stability in a future where the supply of electricity may be unreliable and expensive. Weaknesses: SERVICES: In Pakistan service of Telenor is not up to the mark. Telenor does not provide coverage at all areas of Pakistan. Signals of Telenor in many areas are weak. Rates of Telenor are very high if packages are not activated. Packages like djuice makes sms very cheap but increases call rates. NO DIVERSIFICATION: Telenor no doubt is developing day by day and progressing but it is dealing in just one type of business that is telecommunication. Its rivalry is increasing fast still Telenor is not diversifying toward other business. OPPORTUNITIES: EASY LOAD: Telenor introduced easy load as well as sharing of credit. This was first time introduced in Pakistan that a person can load credit of only Rs. 10 or more than that without buying a card of Rs. 100. As before this, there was only the system of pre paid cards. So it became easy and convenient for all to load credit of how much they want. MOBILE TV: Introduces mobile tv first. No network other than telenor felt the need and importance of it. It was an innovation and attracted people a lot. â€Å"The development has revealed that this was the right way to go. Norway is one of the world’s leading nations, when it comes to developing mobile services. This is not least due to the cooperation between mobile operators and service providersâ⠂¬  says, director of the External Service Market Department . PAYMENT OF BILLS: In Bangladesh, people without a bank account can now pay their electricity bills safely and conveniently through a new solution based on mobile communication. They don’t even need their own mobile phone. In Draymen, Norway, homecare nurses can do their office work on a mobile PDA, allowing half an hour of extra time for their patients every day. THREATS: CENTRAL ASIA: It was a tough task and a very challenging step for Telenor Corporation to start its network in Central ASIA because in these areas making the minds of people for buying a product is a tough task. Here people always refer the customized and local products In Asian countries the basic needs of the people are not fulfilled so they cannot afford a mobile. So it is a challenging task to motivate them to use mobile . CULTURE: The change between the cultures makes the greatest resistance. People do not trust the new especially western companies and also don’t accept their ways and strategies of businesses. COMPETITION WITH LOCAL MARKET: . Competition in a foreign country with local companies is a great threat as a single wrong step of not only the organization itself but the country can affect the whole business. ENVIRONMENT: The fluctuating and unstable situations i. e. political, economical, social situations of countries especially in central Asia really effect the growth, position, investment and profit level and service quality and availability. CONCLUSION Telenor is a telecommunication company having fewer weaknesses because of its well organized managerial structure and a better study of local markets. Despite of having so many threats Telenor came with very attractive packages and captured the attention of youngsters, shift of young generation was due to affordable rates, relaxation in Short Message Service, Easy Load Facility and GPRS Facility all at a same time. Telenor faced a lot of challenges during last years but survived due to strategic planning and better distribution of sales and services. REFERENCES 1. Internet a. Telenor. com b. Wikipedia c. Ask. com d. google. com 2. Books a. Management Griffin ———————– Telenor ASA Jon Fredrik Baksaas President CEO Other Business Group Communications Hilde M. Tonne Executive Vice President Strategy Group HR Bjorn Magnus Kopperud Executive Vice President Nordic Morten Karlsen Sorby Executive Vice President Asia Arve Johansen Senior Executive Vice President Central/East Europe Jan Edvard Thygesen Executive Vice President Legal Global Coordination Ragnar Kors? th Executive Vice President Chief Financial Officer Trond O. Westlie Executive Vice President How to cite Sm Swot Analysis, Papers

Mate Preference Essays - Sexual Fidelity, Marriage, Human Sexuality

Mate Preference His main area of study has been human desires, what people want when they are looking for a husband or wife. To research this, he surveyed over ten thousand people in thirty-seven cultures on six continents. What his findings show is that men tend to choose mates more on physical attractiveness and youth. While women seek men with more financial power. Now this may come as no surprise to us in America, because men here have always wanted women who were more physically attractive, and women have always wanted to marry a rich man, like a doctor or a lawyer. What Buss found out is that it is also similar in other cultures. How a man's wealth is determined may vary, but the man's desirability is the same. From his studies and what he has gathered from past information, he has put together a good theory that explains why we have our preferences for a mate the way we do. It dates back to our ancestors, some of the first humans. The main goal for them was to survive. To do this men wanted to have as many children as they could. Women wanted men who could protect them. For them the man's wealth was measured by his social status, strength, and ability to fight (to protect themselves). From generation to generation these traits were inherited, written deep down in our subconscious. The characteristics men look for in women are: skin tone, symmetry in the face, clear skin (acne can be a pre-indicator of high testosterone levels, which could mean they may have ovarian dysfunction), and a low hip-to-waist ratio. This ratio is the 36-24-36 measurements. This certain hip to waist ratio is a strong indicator that the woman is more fertile, and thus able to have more children. The reason men want younger women as their choice for mates is that because they're younger, once again they can produce more children. Of course now they're not as interested in having a large family, but these standards, throughout history, have never changed. The most beautiful supermodels have these certain measurements. The models who are extremely skinny usually aren't considered as sex symbols. Women today still look for that doctor or lawyer, the kind of guy that will keep them supported financially. They do this because of those subconscious thoughts we inherited from our ancestors - to be able to protect their family. A man with lots of financial power will be able to support a family easily, making the woman's job as a mother easier. People in positions of power, generally men, have people who will do anything to fulfill their desires, just because of their status. A good example is President Clinton and Monica Lewinsky. Now, not all women are looking to try to date Bill Gates, but you'll find most women do want a guy who has done somewhat well in life. All these things don't mean that men are"sexist pigs," and that women are "gold diggers," it just explains why we do have these tendencies. It also helps to explain relationships as a whole. Women are looking more into a long-term relationship. This would help in raising a successful family. It is also the reason most women will usually forgive a guy for cheating on them once, just as long as they're not falling in love with another girl (or guy). Because if the man was falling in love with someone else, then her perfect family would be wrecked. Men are usually thinking about a short-term relationship. The reason behind this is because back in the days of our ancestors, the male needed to produce many children to keep his family strong. The more women he had to mate with, the more children he could have. Most men aren't thinking about having all those children anymore, but there have been some cases where rich businessmen had sex with many women because they wanted to have children. They needed to prove that they could support all of them. Men tend to become more upset if they realize their mate has been sleeping with someone else, than if their mate is falling in love with someone else. The reasoning behind this is, if a woman will have sex with other guys, who's to say that the man's child is really his. Women obviously know they are the mother, but there can always be that small doubt for men. Men have a whole agenda for getting women to have sex with them. Because